Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. University of Virginia Miller Center. Main navigation Administration Key Events. On the slavery issue, Van Buren had taken a negative stand on the abolition of slavery in the slave states, in order to keep the South and the North united.
He was castigated on this decision by many northern abolitionists, particularly many from New York State. However, in , unable to get the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, he ran as a third party candidate for the Free Soils Party.
The party's main platform was the abolition of slavery. Van Buren was able to win 20 percent of the vote, a reasonable vote for a third party nominee. However, the time had arrived to exit and he ended his involvement in national politics. He was then 66 years old. Positive actions during Van Buren's presidency involved international actions. He was able to defuse two crises with Great Britain over border issues with Canada. He was also able to convince southerners to go slow in admitting Texas to the Union, so that a war with Mexico could be avoided.
As a result of his actions as a president and his involvement in politics prior to his presidency, he is viewed as having been a successful president. The economic collapse was largely out of his control.
Proper reaction to the depression required the application of specific economic principles which then were not yet known. John Maynard Keynes's principles on how governments should deal with economic collapse still had to be written. There is not much known about Van Buren's personal life. She was the daughter of one of his first cousins. Actually, Van Buren's mother's name was Marytje Hoes. The name Hoes was originally Goes.
It appears that the Hoes name sounded better than the goes name. In this way he followed the example of his father who also was married to a family relation, a practice which apparently was quite common during those times. It is also interesting that Martin had four siblings plus three half siblings. His mother had been married to Johannes Van Alen, with whom she had three children before he died. He was 14 years older than Martin Van Buren, who later followed his law career. Martin's mother married again to Abraham Van Buren [].
Note that nearly all given names are Dutch names indicating that Dutch was still the common language in use at that time. The Martin Van Buren family had four children, all sons. The oldest son, who later became his personal assistant, was born in During the first term, the coalition that lined up in support of Jackson became the Democratic Party. While unified in name, they hardly were in practice.
The disagreements ranged from the political to the personal. In the latter, the Peggy Eaton affair took center stage. Her social status and the possibility that she may have begun her relationship with Eaton while still married to her first husband spread rapidly through the capital's gossip network.
Van Buren, however, did not follow suit and instead invited the Eatons to social engagements. Jackson, whose own late wife Rachel had suffered personal attacks at the hands of her husband's opponents and enemies in the and campaigns—in fact, he blamed her death in on these attacks—sided with Eaton and his new bride.
He appreciated Van Buren's kindness towards the couple. At the same time, however, the conflict between Van Buren and Calhoun arouse from more weighty, political matters.
Calhoun and his supporters took an extreme states' rights position that outpaced even Van Buren's own fear of a centralized, powerful national government. It was Van Buren, after all, who helped Jackson prepare his simple rejoinder "The Union: it must be preserved" to Calhoun's states' rights position at the annual Jefferson Day dinner in The dinner confrontation was only the beginning of an almost three year controversy over South Carolina's claim that it could nullify federal tariffs and, in effect, defy the federal government.
The case quickly turned into a debate on states' rights. Calhoun led the South Carolina nullifiers, while Van Buren helped shape the Jackson administration's position declaring South Carolina's defiance unconstitutional. The tensions within the cabinet were so debilitating that Jackson began to rely on an informal "Kitchen Cabinet" of advisers, a group who played a key role in articulating what became known as Jacksonian ideology.
Not surprisingly, Van Buren was a member of the Kitchen Cabinet. He drafted the most important, early statement of this ideology—the Maysville Road Bill veto—which outlined objections to federally financed internal improvements. But the discord in the Jackson administration soon proved too much. In the spring of , Van Buren designed a plan in which he and Eaton would resign from the Cabinet, allowing Jackson to ask for resignations from the rest of the Cabinet.
Jackson would then be able to appoint a cabinet comprised of his allies. Jackson agreed, with some reluctance, to Van Buren's plan and reorganized his cabinet. He then appointed Van Buren the American minister to England in the late summer of Van Buren spent only six months in England as the Senate, in January , refused to confirm his appointment by one vote - a ballot cast by Vice President John Calhoun.
Van Buren returned to the United States later that spring. But his rejection at the hands of the Senate only secured the alliance between Van Buren and the President. Jackson selected him as his running-mate for the election, which the President won quite handily. Much of Van Buren's energies during his vice presidency were focused on Jackson's epic battle with the Second Bank of the United States.
This institution had sole right to regulate the issuance of paper currency and credit rates, and Jackson thought its immense powers benefited the privileged few to the disadvantage of many Americans.
When the Bank's president, Nicholas Biddle, successfully petitioned Congress for the Bank's recharter, Jackson vetoed the bill in July The president successfully resisted the pro-Bank forces' efforts to have him sign the recharter bill. Moreover, Jackson weakened the Bank by withdrawing federal funds it held and placing them in a network of smaller state banks called "pet banks".
While Van Buren had grave reservations about the soundness of this decision, fearing it would ignite a political firestorm which it did , he went along with the President. The popular Jackson eventually prevailed in the crisis, largely because of the clumsy political maneuvering of Clay and Biddle. The Bank War helped crystallize the emerging party structure that would dominate American politics for the next two decades. Martin Luther King, Jr. King sought equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and all Luther spent his early years in relative anonymity as a monk and scholar.
In the summer of , Joseph Plumb Martin enlisted in the Connecticut state militia at the tender age of 15; he later joined the Continental Army of General George Washington and served nearly seven years on behalf of the Revolutionary cause. In , the year-old Martin Born in poverty, Andrew Jackson had become a wealthy Tennessee lawyer and rising young politician by , when war broke out between the United States and Britain. His leadership in that conflict earned Jackson national fame as a military hero, and he would become Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader.
Article II, Section 1 of the U. Constitution establishes the Executive Branch of He assumed office after the death of President William Henry Harrison , who passed away from pneumonia after just a month in the White House.
James Polk served as the 11th U. Before his presidency, Polk served in the Tennessee legislature and the U. Live TV. This Day In History.
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