The next largest single-race group was White At the same time, more than 20 million Latinos identified with more than one race on the census, up from just 3 million in The increase in multiracial Latinos could be due to a number of factors, including changes to the census form that make it easier for people to identify with multiple races and growing racial diversity among Latinos.
At the same time, the number of Latinos who identify as White and no other race declined from Similar to race, Hispanics can be of any country of origin or ancestry. This results in varying patterns that relate to where people come from and how they choose to identify themselves on census surveys.
For the most part, people who trace their ancestry to these countries are not counted as Hispanic by the Census Bureau, usually because most do not identify as Hispanic when they fill out their census forms. These patterns likely reflect a growing recognition and acceptance of the official definition of Hispanics. But by , the shares identifying as Hispanic dropped to levels closer to those seen today. What people report on census forms is not subject to any independent checks, corroborations or corrections.
The first year the Census Bureau asked everybody in the country about Hispanic ethnicity was in Some efforts were made before then to count people who today would be considered Hispanic. A portion of the U. By , the current approach — in which someone is asked if they are Hispanic — had taken hold, with some tweaks made to the question and response categories since then. However, this change did not appear in the census. Note: This post was originally published on May 28, , by Jeffrey S.
It has been updated several times since then. Fresh data delivered Saturday mornings. It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions. Use this tool to compare the groups on some key topics and their demographics.
Pew Research Center now uses as the last birth year for Millennials in our work. President Michael Dimock explains why. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research.
Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. These identities can be claimed by anyone, regardless of their heritage. Researchers and publishers including the U. Census do not dispute how people identify.
In order to use these terms appropriately, it helps to understand their differences and when it is appropriate to use each one. Knowing the origins of the Hispanic and Latino labels, what they mean, how they are used, and how people self-identify helps you gain that understanding.
You might think of Hispanic and Latino as terms used to describe racial categories, similar to the terms White, Black, or Asian. However, the groups that comprise Hispanics and Latinos are actually diverse in terms of race. The terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" refer to ethnicity, culture, and identity.
They are groups based on shared culture rather than skin color, race, or other physical features. However, the groups are also broader than ethnicity, which can make the terms confusing. Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish or who have a background in a Spanish-speaking country.
In other words, Hispanic refers to the language that a person speaks or that their ancestors spoke. Some Hispanic people speak Spanish, but others don't. For this reason, people who are Hispanic may vary in their race and also where they live or originate. For example, a person from the Dominican Republic and a person from Mexico might both call themselves Hispanic because they share in common a spoken language and a legacy of Spanish colonies. However, it is important to note there is some discussion about whether people in the Caribbean actually identify as Latino in the case of non-Spanish-speaking countries.
For example, the majority of Haitians do not identify as Latinx despite being part of Latin America. A person who is Hispanic may also be Latino, but this is not always necessarily the case.
For example, a person from Spain would be Hispanic but not Latino because Spain is a Spanish-speaking country but not a Latin American country. A person who is Latino may also be Hispanic, or not. For instance, while people from Brazil are considered Latino because Brazil is a Latin American country , they are not considered Hispanic because Brazil is a former Portuguese colony, not a Spanish one.
There are also differences in usage of the terms Hispanic and Latino by geographical region. While urban areas and those on the coasts tend to prefer Latino, rural areas in places like Texas and New Mexico are more likely to use the term Hispanic. However, there are exceptions to this tendency. For example, the word Hispanic is generally preferred and more widely used in Florida. While the terms Hispanic and Latino have existed for centuries, it wasn't until they were introduced into the United States Census that they became more popularized.
The census is used by the government to study aspects of the population. During the s, there was a common theme of poverty and discrimination among Mexican Americans in the southwest and Puerto Ricans on the east coast of the United States.
While the government initially saw these as regional issues, the joining of the Latino communities across the nation to address these issues led to a new perspective and a new method of categorization. Respondents could also identify their race e.
The term Latino first appeared on the census as an option for ethnicity. Later, these terms were also introduced to forms of identification such as driver's licenses, birth certificates, and school registration forms.
In this way, the use of these labels serves the purpose of allowing the government to accurately categorize the changing population and to identify trends by shared cultures. Popular culture and the media have helped to connect the Hispanic and Latino communities and further popularize these groupings based on their shared experiences.
Spanish-language media such as commercials, television shows, magazines, websites, news stations, and social media accounts reflect this understanding. And since then other ethnic groups, including those originating in the Middle East have also lobbied to be counted separately. What does being Hispanic mean? But among Hispanics, significant differences exist between the many nationalities with Spanish culture. In the U. In most of the countries, including Spain and Mexico, Spanish is not the predominant language in large areas of the countries.
Likewise, the ethnic composition of countries with Spanish cultures varies considerably—the majority of the population in Chile is descendant from European settlers, while in Bolivia it is from American Indians, and in the Dominican Republic from African slaves. Hispanic Americans are an even more diverse group. Not only do they come from all over the world, but just a minority of them speak Spanish as their primary language, according to Pew Research Center surveys.
Among second and third generation Hispanics, a much smaller percentage speak Spanish as their main language. Similarly, the same survey found little consensus on which race Hispanics identify with, particularly across generations. Another Pew study found that over time, Hispanics living in the U. Just as for immigrants to the United States, what it means to be an Hispanic American will inevitably change from generation to generation.
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