Previous Next. View Larger Image. In addition the aqueous humor: Transports vitamin C in the front segment to act as an antioxidant agent Provides inflation for expansion of the cornea increasing protection against dust, grains, wind, pollen and a number of pathogens Maintains intraocular pressure The aqueous humor is continuously produced by the ciliary body located in the anterior chamber near the lens of the eye.
Related Posts. Go to Top. To date, this study provides the most comprehensive list of proteins present in hAH.
Aqueous humor maintains a normal homeostatic environment and is essential to the proper functioning of anterior chamber tissues. For example, one of the functions of aqueous humor is to maintain a pathogen-free environment. Being immunoprivileged, the anterior chamber relies on complement to successfully rid the chamber of pathogens.
Our proteomic data supports the presence of both the classic and alternative complement pathways. The balance between complement activation molecules and complement regulatory molecules is important in maintaining healthy anterior segment tissues and avoiding autoimmune reactions that would significantly alter the function of these tissues.
Catalytic proteins such as type IV collagen are principal components of basement membranes 36 and are one of the major extracellular matrix proteins upregulated during glaucoma. Other catalytic enzymes found in hAH, such as lactate dehydrogenase, have already been suggested to have a role in hAH outflow regulation, while showing a strong presence in the uveoscleral tissue.
The presence of strong angiogenic inducers as angiogenin and angiogenic inhibitors PEDF, 38 type IV collagen, 39 and vitamin D binding protein, 40 suggests the presence of an equilibrium within hAH between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules.
The balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins may be important in the pathogenesis of anterior segment diseases. In addition, numerous growth factor and cytokine receptors were found in hAH, including receptors of the C-C chemokine, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin superfamilies. In other biological fluids, circulating and soluble receptors play an important role in regulating growth factor and cytokine activity.
Soluble receptors are normal components of body fluids in healthy individuals and levels of these receptors can modulate various growth factor and cytokine activities. In the case of IL-6, the binding of IL-6 to its soluble receptor can stimulate cells that do not normally express an IL-6 receptor. Another limitation of this study was that our growth factor, cytokine, and receptor analysis was limited to the proteins that were present on the protein array.
Therefore, not all growth factors, cytokines, and receptors in hAH were identified. Although our study was thorough, proteins are probably only a fraction of the overall protein profile within hAH.
Nevertheless, our study provides a comprehensive list of the hAH proteins. This list may be considered as a reference to look for differences in protein expression in various pathologic conditions of the anterior segment with the possibility of identifying novel biomarkers for the disease and possible targets for novel therapeutic treatments.
Disclosure: U. Roy Chowdhury , None; B. Madden , None; M. Charlesworth , None; M. Fautsch , None. The mechanism of aqueous humour formation. Clin Exp Optom. The source of protein in the aqueous humor of the normal monkey eye.
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Top of the page. Aqueous humour is made by the ciliary body. Strands from the ciliary body support the lens behind the coloured part of the eye iris. Aqueous humour flows into the front of the eye through the pupil. Aqueous humour drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork.
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